THE PROBLEM OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE SPIRIT: REDUCTIONISM VERSUS ANTI-REDUCTIONISM

Abstract

Abstract: Philosophy of Mind is a modern philosophical discipline that deals with questions about spirit and mental phenomena, feelings, memory, language, and subjective experience. One of the most important, but also the most current issues in the philosophy of spirit is the question of the relationship between spirit and matter, more specifically expressed as a problem of the relationship of mind and body, ie consciousness and brain. At the very heart of this discussion is the problem of human consciousness and conscious experience. The problem itself arises within the conflict of two different positions within the philosophy of spirit. These are the position of reductionism and the position of anti-reductionism. The task we set in this paper is to examine the basic concepts and arguments that we find in both directions, to explore how they arise contemporary problem of consciousness, therefore, its historical-philosophical and conceptual-methodological aspects, pointing to inter-intra -disciplinary development of philosophy of spirit as one of the most interesting, but also the most current areas of modern philosophical research.